Electrospinning of Nanofibres

The group is meticulously working towards investigating the significance of various electrospinning parameters and the manner in which they affect fiber diameter.  Our group has been successful in generalizing the “concept of minimum electrospinning voltage” for different classes of polymers such as Polyacrylonitrile and Polyvinyl alcohol. The aim of such fundamental studies is to achieve excellent control over the reproducibility of the electrospinning technique and fibers with controlled/desired diameters. Such repeatability of the process and controlled fiber forming capability is mandatory for industrial applications like filtration, flexible conductors and semi-conductors, and biomedical applications like tissue engineering. 

Challenges

• Investigation of process and solution parameters for controlled electrospinning of fibers

• Reproducibility of the electrospinning process and fiber diameters

• Fabrication of continuous electrospinning machine with uniform deposition for fuel filtration application

• Novel scaffolding material with enhanced properties for the regeneration of tissues like cornea and bone tissue

• Fabrication of reinforced nanofibers for application like sensors

• Fabrication of nanofibers loaded with conductive materials with enhanced conductivity for flexible electronic applications

Current Research

In order to promote wound healing for full-thickness skin injuries, this study created composite membranes that combine electrospunpolycaprolactone (PCL) and human amniotic membrane (hAM). In comparison to native hAM, the composites PCL/hAM and PCL/hAM/PCL demonstrated improved wound healing, delayed degradation, and stability. Both encouraged the early development of the dermis and epidermis, with PCL/hAM offering cellular connections that were comparable to those of hAM. While hAM speeds up cell formation, PCL/hAM produces similar total wound healing, according to in vivo research. The membranes' enhanced mechanical strength and regenerative qualities made them promising for use as skin wound dressings, and immunohistochemical research confirmed their efficacy in fostering tissue regeneration.

Previous Research

Since most of the polymers that are electrospun are visco-elastic in nature, the effect of elasticity and polymer relaxation on limiting the fiber diameter cannot be ruled out. It becomes imperative to study the independent effect of elasticity on final fiber diameter. Elastic effect can be isolated from the viscous effects by using Boger fluids which as described by D.F.James are elastic liquid with constant viscosity. In our recent studies on electrospinning of poly(acrylonitrile) it has been found that diameter of nanofibers depends primarily on solution properties and does not seem to depend on electrospinning process parameters such as spinning voltage, distance, and flow rate. The observations showed that inherent properties of the polymer solution play a fundamental role in limiting fiber diameter.

In our current research using PVA Boger solutions a strong correlation could be established between the fiber diameter and relaxation time of the solutions, while no correlation could be seen with their viscosities. A direct impact of increasing elasticity was also seen on the electrospinning of PVA Boger solutions where the fiber diameter increased with increasing flow rate for polymer with high relaxation time. The experiments suggest that diameter of the electrospun fibers is principally governed by the elastic properties of the spinning polymer solution and is fairly independent of the processing parameters such as spinning distance, voltage  and flow rate.

Our group has used PVA nanofibers fabricated using benign solvent like water for mass production of nanofibrous filter substrate. Methodologies have been developed to ensure continuous spinning of the polymer dope with uniform deposition up to 0.3 GSM. Filter substrates coated with nanofibrous web has shown enhanced fuel filtration capability up to 97%.

Our group in collaboration with All India Institute of Medical Sciences-New Delhi, has developed PCL nanofibrous scaffolds with enhanced optical transparency and hydrophillicity for corneal regeneration. Optically transparent PCL membranes were obtained using Plasma treatment (put a link for plasma page). Such scaffolds have shown to be highly biocompatible for limbal epithelial cells.